This page contains academic publications produced by the E-Drama project, together with later related publications. The academic interest of the work is largely in the area of the detection (in text) of emotions and value judgments (aspects of ``affect''), with a central focus on metaphor processing, given that metaphor and affect are mutually central (affect conveyance is a central purpose of metaphor and metaphor is a central means for affect conveyance).

See my home page for further publications, including others on figurative language.

The E-Drama project was funded (up to March 2007) by grant RES-328-25-0009 from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) of the UK, under the PACCIT programme funded by the ESRC, EPSRC and DTI (UK government's Department of Trade and Industry). PACCIT = People at the Centre of Communication and Information Technologies. The full project title is E-Drama: Enhancement of People, Technology and their Interaction.

The project was in collaboration with three commercial entities: the research arm of BT (under Amanda Oldroyd) and two small companies in Birmingham: Hi8us Midlands Ltd (under Kulwant Dhaliwal) and Maverick TV Ltd (under Jonnie Turpie). The publications below are restricted to those that include me or another person at the University of Birmingham as author.

Please email me (jabarnden@btinternet.com) to ask for a paper or further information.

                        Please do NOT use my department or university addresses (they end with .bham.ac.uk)

Zhang, L., Barnden, J. & Hossain, A. (2013). Affect detection from virtual drama.
          In Procs. 26th Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 8272, pp.104-109.
          1-6 December 2013, Dunedin, New Zealand.           Springer online version

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A. & Jiang, M. (2013).
          Affect detection from semantic and metaphorical interpretation of virtual drama (extended abstract).
          In Procs. 12th Intl Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2013), pp.1271-1272.
          St Paul, Minnesota, 6-10 May 2013.           online

Zhang, L. & Barnden, J.A. (2013). Towards a semantic-based approach for affect and metaphor detection.
          Intl J. Distance Education Technologies, 11(2), pp.48-65.           DOI: 10.4018/jdet.2013040103

Zhang, L. & Barnden, J.A. (2012).
          Affect sensing using linguistic, semantic and cognitive cues in multi-threaded improvisational dialogue.
          Cognitive Computation,4(4), pp.436-459.           DOI 10.1007/S12559-012-9170-3.           journal's online version           offprint

Rumbell, T., Barnden, J., Denham, S. & Wennekers, T. (2012).
          Emotions in autonomous agents: Comparative analysis of mechanisms and functions.
          Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 25(1), pp.1-45.           DOI: 10.1007/s10458-011-9166-5.

Zhang, L. & Barnden, J.A. (2011). Context-sensitive affect sensing and metaphor identification in virtual drama.
          In Procs. of conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII-11),
          Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6975, pp.173-182.
          Springer.           Springer online version

Wallinton, A.M., Agerri, R., Barnden, J.A., Lee, M.G., Rumbell, T. (2011).
          Affect Transfer by Metaphor for an Intelligent Conversational Agent.
          In K. Ahmad (Ed.), Affective Computing and Sentiment Analysis: Emotion, Metaphor and Terminology, pp.53-66.
          In Text, Speech and Language Technology Series, Springer.           preprint

Zhang, L. & Barnden, J.A. (2010). Affect and metaphor sensing in virtual drama.
          Int. Journal of Computer Games Technology, Volume 2010, Article ID 512563, 12 pages.
          DOI: 10.1155/2010/512563           journal's online version

Wallington, A.M., Agerri, R., Barnden, J.A., Lee, M.G. & Rumbell, T. (2008).
          Affect transfer by metaphor for an intelligent conversational agent.
          In Procs. LREC 2008 Workshop on Sentiment Analysis: Emotion, Metaphor, Ontology and Terminology (EMOT 08), pp.107-113.
          Marrakech, Morocco, 27 May 2008.           ISBN: 2951740840
          Online version: 113-119 of PDF of workshop proceedings within LREC proceedings.
          NB: you need to follow the Workshops link and then the link to the particular Workshop (W6).

Rumbell, T., Barnden, J., Lee, M. & Wallington, A. (2008). Affect in Metaphor: Developments with WordNet.
          In Procs. Symp. on Affective Language in Human and Machine, AISB'08 Convention,
          The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J. Wallington, A.M. & Wen, Z. (2008). Affect detection and metaphor in e-drama.
          In special issue on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments,
          Intl J. of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-long Learning, 18(2), pp.234-252.           preprint

Zhang, L., Gillies, M., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J., Lee, M.G. & Wallington, A.M. (2007).
          Affect detection and an automated improvisational AI actor in e-drama.
          In Artificial Intelligence for Human Computing, pp.339-358.
          Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4451. Springer.           preprint

Smith, C.J., Rumbell, T., Barnden, J.A., Lee, M.G., Glasbey, S.R. & Wallington, A.M. (2007).
          Affect and metaphor in an ICA: Further developments.
          In Procs. 7th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Paris, 17-19 September 2007.

Rumbell, T., Smith, C.J., Barnden, J.A., Lee, M.G., Glasbey, S.R. \& Wallington, A.M. (2007).
          Metaphor and affect detection in an ICA.
          In A. Paiva, R. Prada and R.W. Picard (Eds),
          Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction: Second International Conference, ACII 2007, pp.747-748.
          Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4738. Springer.           preprint

Smith, C.J., Rumbell, T., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J., Lee, M.G., Wallington, A.M. & Zhang. L. (2007).
          Don't worry about metaphor: affect detection for conversational agents.
          Demo paper in Procs. Forty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
          Companion Volume: Book II (Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions), pp.33-36           pdf

Dhaliwal, K., Gillies, M., O'Connor, J., Oldroyd, A., Robertson, D. & Zhang, L. (2007).
          eDrama: Facilitating online role-play using emotionally expressive characters.
          In P. Olivier & C. Kray (Eds), Artificial and Ambient Intelligence: Proceedings of the AISB Annual Convention, pp.195-202.
          Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour, UK.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J. & Wallington, A.M. (2006).
          Developments in affect detection from text in open-ended improvisational e-drama.
          In Pan, Z. (Ed.), Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment: First International Conference, Edutainment 2006.
          Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3942.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J. & Wallington, A.M. (2006). Developments in affect detection in e-drama.
          In Procs. 11th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
          (EACL 2006), pp.203-206.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J. & Wallington, A.M. (2006). Affect detection from open-ended improvisational text.
          In T. Kovacs & J.A.R. Marshall (Eds), Procs. AISB'06 - Adaptation in Artificial and Biological Systems, Vol. 3, pp.78-85.
          Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour, UK.
          (Presented in Symposium on Narrative AI and Games at AISB'06.)
          preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J. & Wallington, A.M. (2006). Exploitation in affect detection in open-ended improvisational text.
          In Procs. Workshop on Sentiment and Subjectivity in Text, pp.47-55,
          at COLING-ACL 2006, Sydney, July 2006. The Association for Computational Linguistics.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A., Hendley, R.J. & Wallington, A.M. (2006). Exploitation in affect detection in improvisational e-drama.
          In Procs. 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents.
          Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4133, pp.68-79. Springer.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A. & Hendley, R.J. (2005). Affect detection and metaphor in e-drama.
          In Procs. Workshop on Motivation and Affect in Educational Software,
          12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED-2005),
          Amsterdam, July 2005.           preprint

Zhang, L., Barnden, J.A. & Hendley, R.J. (2005). Affect detection and metaphor in e-drama: The first stage.
          In Procs. Workshop on Narrative Learning Environments,
          12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED-2005),
          Amsterdam, July 2005.           preprint